International Journal of Biomedicine. 2020;10(3):226-230.
DOI: 10.21103/Article10(3)_OA5
Originally published September 10, 2020
Background: A change in renal length may be evidence of many renal diseases. The aim of our study was to produce reference ranges for renal length in Sudanese children up to 5 years of age using ultrasonography.
Methods and Results: This cross-sectional study was done to measure the normal size of kidneys in pediatrics up to 5 years of age using ultrasound. The study was conducted at Khartoum state in the Emergency Department of Albuluk Pediatric Hospital and Jafar Ibn Ouf Referral Pediatric Hospital from March to June 2018. The study included 101 Sudanese children up to 5 years with normal renal function tests and urine analysis. All ultrasound examinations of the kidneys were performed on a GE Logiq F6 Ultrasound Machine. The longitudinal measurement was obtained from the coronal section, while thickness and width were measured in the transverse section. The study revealed that mean measurements of the right kidney (RK) were 6.74±1.16cm, 3.12±0.68cm, and 2.59 ±0.58cm for length, width, and anteroposterior diameter, respectively, and for the left kidney (LK) - 6.98±1.10cm, 3.25±0.65cm, and 2.74±0.60cm, respectively. There was no significant difference in renal length according to gender. The study concluded that the renal length in pediatric up to 5 years old can be predicted by age using the following regression equations: RK length =0.0422×age+5.4182cm (R²=0.4636), LK length=0.0392×age+5.7472cm (R²=0.4539).
Conclusion: The study found a significant correlation between RK, LK length and age (r= 0.68 for RK and 0.67 for LK, P <0.01). Age is an important influencing factor for assessing KL since there is a strong, significant correlation between age and KL.
1. Kadioglu A. Renal measurements, including length, parenchymal thickness, and medullary pyramid thickness, in healthy children: what are the normative ultrasound values? AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2010;194(2):509-515. doi:10.2214/AJR.09.2986
2. Oh MS, Hwang G, Han S, Kang HS, Kim SH, Kim YD, et al. Sonographic Growth Charts for Kidney Length in Normal Korean Children: a Prospective Observational Study. J Korean Med Sci. 2016;31(7):1089-1093. doi:10.3346/jkms.2016.31.7.1089
3. Özdikici M. Ultrasonographic assessment of renal length in 310 Turkish children in the Eastern Anatolia region. South African Journal of Child Health. 2018;12(1):34-37. doi:10.7196/SAJCH.2018.v12i1.1405.
4. Otiv A, Mehta K, Ali U, Nadkarni M. Sonographic measurement of renal size in normal Indian children. Indian Pediatr. 2012;49(7):533-536. doi:10.1007/s13312-012-0120-7
5. Thapa NB, Shah S, Pradhan A, Rijal K, Pradhan A, Basnet S. Sonographic Assessment of the Normal Dimensions of Liver, Spleen, and Kidney in Healthy Children at Tertiary Care Hospital. Kathmandu Univ Med J (KUMJ). 2015;13(52):286-291. doi:10.3126/kumj.v13i4.16825
6. Gavela T, Sánchez Bayle M, Gómez Mardones G, Gallego S, Martínez-Pérez J, Moya MT. [Ecographic study of kidney size in children]. Nefrologia. 2006;26(3):325-329. {Article in Spanich].
7. Ravikumar N, Anita S, Venkateshwara reddy C. To Determine the Renal Size in Normal Children by Ultrasonography. IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS). 2016;15(4 Ver. I):41-45. doi: 10.9790/0853-1504014145.
8. Zerin JM, Blane CE. Sonographic assessment of renal length in children: a reappraisal. Pediatr Radiol. 1994;24(2):101-106. doi:10.1007/BF02020164
9. Warnakulasuriya DTD, Peries PPUC, Rathnasekara YAC, Jayawardena KTM, Upasena A, Wickremasinghe AR. Ultrasonographic parameters of the liver, spleen and kidneys among a cohort of school children in Sri Lanka. BMC Pediatr. 2017;17(1):192. Published 2017 Nov 16. doi:10.1186/s12887-017-0943-4
10. Pantoja Zuzuárregui JR, Mallios R, Murphy J. The effect of obesity on kidney length in a healthy pediatric population. Pediatr Nephrol. 2009;24(10):2023-2027. doi:10.1007/s00467-009-1202-1
11. Kim JH, Kim MJ, Lim SH, Kim J, Lee MJ. Length and volume of morphologically normal kidneys in korean children: ultrasound measurement and estimation using body size. Korean J Radiol. 2013;14(4):677-682. doi:10.3348/kjr.2013.14.4.677
12. Scott JE, Hunter EW, Lee RE, Matthews JN. Ultrasound measurement of renal size in newborn infants. Arch Dis Child. 1990;65(4 Spec No):361-364. doi:10.1136/adc.65.4_spec_no.361
13. Safak AA, Simsek E, Bahcebasi T. Sonographic assessment of the normal limits and percentile curves of liver, spleen, and kidney dimensions in healthy school-aged children. J Ultrasound Med. 2005;24(10):1359-1364. doi:10.7863/jum.2005.24.10.1359
14. Eze CU, Agwu KK, Ezeasor DN, Agwuna KK, Aronu AE, Mba EI. Sonographic Biometry of Normal Kidney Dimensions among School-age Children in Nsukka, Southeast Nigeria. West Indian Med J. 2014;63(1):46-53. doi:10.7727/wimj.2013.010
15. Coombs PR, Lavender I, Leung MYZ, Woods JC, Paul E, Webb N, Ditchfield M. Normal sonographic renal length measurements in an Australian pediatric population. Pediatr Radiol. 2019;49(13):1754-1761. doi:10.1007/s00247-019-04486-2
16. Rosenbaum DM, Korngold E, Teele RL. Sonographic assessment of renal length in normal children. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1984;142(3):467-469. doi:10.2214/ajr.142.3.467
17. Kim IO, Cheon JE, Lee YS, Lee SW, Kim OH, Kim JH, et al. Kidney length in normal Korean children. J Korean Soc Ultrasound Med. 2010;29:181–188.
18. Akhavan A, Brajtbord JS, McLeod DJ, Kabarriti AE, Rosenberg HK, Stock JA. Simple, age-based formula for predicting renal length in children. Urology. 2011;78(2):405-410. doi:10.1016/j.urology.2011.01.008
Download Article
Received July 11, 2020.
Accepted August 11, 2020.
©2020 International Medical Research and Development Corporation.
