The Role of Biomimetic Incubation of Sandblasted Titanium Implants in the Process of Osseointegration: An Experimental Study in Dogs

DENTISTRY
Nigmon L. Khabilov, PhD, ScD; Timur V. Melkumyan, PhD, ScD, Tatyana O. Mun; Farkhod K. Usmonov; Iskander M. Baybekov, PhD, ScD

Tashkent State Dental Institute; Tashkent, Uzbekistan

*Corresponding author: Timur V. Melkumyan*, PhD, ScD. Tashkent State Dental Institute; Tashkent, Uzbekistan. E-mail: t.dadamov@gmail.com

Published: March 25, 2015. DOI: 10.21103/Article5(1)_D2

Abstract: 

The aim of the present study was to examine the surface characteristics and values of removal torque of an implant surface subjected to sandblasting with 125µm Al2O3 particles with a following immersion in biomimetic fluid and to compare that surface with a machined implant surface.

Study protocol: Forty-eight conical implants were initially made of second-grade titanium alloy. The diameter of implants was 4mm at the head and 2.6 at the apex, all implants were of 8 mm length and of large variable thread design. Half of them were subjected to sand blasting and immersion in biomimetic fluid at 37 ⁰C for four weeks with daily replenishment of solution until the moment of placement; another 24 implants were left with untreated machined surface. Three-dimensional roughness values were obtained with the help of confocal laser scanning microscope.

Forty-eight implants were implanted in 12 dogs. Twenty-four implants were retrieved after a 6-week healing period following installation, and the remaining 24 were removed upon the completion of 16 weeks, using a torque calibrator ((BTG150CN-S TOHNICHI) with a 20 cN·m - 150 cN·m scale of force registration was applied for the measurements of the removal torque.

Results: The mean 3-dimensional roughness value of biomimetically treated implant surfaces was 1.34±0.24µm and the mean roughness value measured for the machined surfaces was 0.33±0.04µm (P<0.05). As to the average parameters of maximum peak-trough distance, these were equal to 2.85 for machined and 24.25 for incubated sandblasted implants. Machined implants demonstrated 49.5±10.3 removal torque values after the 6-week healing period. But for the immersed sandblasted implants the same parameter was equal to 72.7±15.98 Ncm. During a 16-week recovery period, these values increased up to 77.5±15.16 Ncm and 89.7±11.83 Ncm for machined and biomimetically treated sandblasted implants, respectively, P<0.05.

Conclusion: The present study demonstrated the rapid recovery time for biomimetically incubated sandblasted dental implants in comparison to machined surface implants based on findings of early (6 weeks healing period) removal tests. Although there was established only a 13.4% difference in values of removal torque after a 16-week healing period (instead of 32% after 6 weeks of recovery) between two groups of implants which could be associated with delayed bone integration. 

Keywords: 
dental implants; surface treatment; biomimetic fluid; roughness; removal torque.
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