Electrical Activity of the Heart in the Older Adults Suffering from Chronic Kidney Disease: Ethnic and Age Characteristics

ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Polina I. Kudrina, Svetlana S. Shadrina, Sargylana I. Sofronova, Anna N. Bogolepova, Ariadna A. Donskaya, Natalya V. Borisova, Andrey P. Karelin

 
International Journal of Biomedicine. 2021;11(3):351-354.
DOI: 10.21103/Article11(3)_OA12
Originally published September 9, 2021

Abstract: 

The aim of the study was to investigate the ethnic and age-related characteristics of the electrical activity of the heart in older adults with chronic kidney disease (CKD).
Methods and Results: A total of 522 patients aged between 60 and 89 years with different stages of CKD were examined. For a comparative analysis, we formed 3 ethnic groups (Yakuts, Evens, and Russians) and 2 age groups (60-74 years and 75-89 years). All patients underwent ECG. The laboratory analysis included determining the blood creatinine level for further calculation of the GFR using the Cockcroft&Gault formula, followed by determining the stage of CKD. A decrease in renal function was more typical for people of 75-89 years. The results of the study confirmed the close relationship of CKD in older adults with the pathology of the cardiovascular system. Changes in the electrical activity of the heart predominated in Russians, compared to other ethnic groups, and were less pronounced in the Evens.

Keywords: 
ethnicity • older adults • electrical activity of the heart • chronic kidney disease
References: 
  1. Moiseev VS, Kobalava ZhD. [Cardiorenal syndrome (renal factor and increased risk of cardiovascular disease)]. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapy. 2002;11(3):16-18. [Article in Russian].
  2.  Smirnov AV, Dobronravov VA, Kayukov IG. [Cardiorenal continuum: pathogenetic foundations of preventive nephrology]. Nephrology (Saint-Petersburg). 2005;9(3):7-15. [Article in Russian].
  3. Shutov AM, Serov VA. [Cardiorenal continuum or cardiorenal syndrome]. Clinical Nephrology. 2010;1:44-48. [Article in Russian].
  4. McCullough PA, Ahmad A. Cardiorenal syndromes. World J Cardiol. 2011 Jan 26;3(1):1-9. doi: 10.4330/wjc.v3.i1.1.
  5. Meisinger C, Döring A, Löwel H; KORA Study Group. Chronic kidney disease and risk of incident myocardial infarction and all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality in middle-aged men and women from the general population. Eur Heart J. 2006 May;27(10):1245-50. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehi880. 
  6. Vanholder R, Massy Z, Argiles A, Spasovski G, Verbeke F, Lameire N; European Uremic Toxin Work Group. Chronic kidney disease as cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2005 Jun;20(6):1048-56. doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfh813. 
  7. Smilde TD, Hillege HL, Navis G, Boomsma F, de Zeeuw D, van Veldhuisen DJ. Impaired renal function in patients with ischemic and nonischemic chronic heart failure: association with neurohormonal activation and survival. Am Heart J. 2004 Jul;148(1):165-72. doi: 10.1016/j.ahj.2004.02.007.
  8. van der Velde M, Matsushita K, Coresh J, Astor BC, Woodward M, Levey A, de Jong P, et al. Lower estimated glomerular filtration rate and higher albuminuria are associated with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. A collaborative meta-analysis of high-risk population cohorts. Kidney Int. 2011 Jun;79(12):1341-52. doi: 10.1038/ki.2010.536. 
  9. US Renal Data System. . USRDS 2003 Annual Data Report: Atlas of End-Stage Renal Disease in the United States. National Institutes of Health; National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD 2003.
  10. Mukhin NA. [A decreased glomerular filtration rate as a general population marker of an unfavorable prognosis]. Ter Arkh. 2007;79(6):5-10. [Article in Russian].
  11. Schmieder RE, Schrader J, Zidek W, Tebbe U, Paar WD, Bramlage P, Pittrow D, Böhm M. Low-grade albuminuria and cardiovascular risk: what is the evidence? Clin Res Cardiol. 2007 May;96(5):247-57. doi: 10.1007/s00392-007-0510-3. 
  12. Segura J, Campo C, Ruilope LM. Effect of proteinuria and glomerular filtration rate on cardiovascular risk in essential hypertension. Kidney Int Supp.l 2004; 92:45-49.
  13. Levey AS, de Jong PE, Coresh J, El Nahas M, Astor BC, Matsushita K, Gansevoort RT, Kasiske BL, Eckardt KU. The definition, classification, and prognosis of chronic kidney disease: a KDIGO Controversies Conference report. Kidney Int. 2011 Jul;80(1):17-28. doi: 10.1038/ki.2010.483.
  14. Danziger RS, Tobin JD, Becker LC, Lakatta EE, Fleg JL. The age-associated decline in glomerular filtration in healthy normotensive volunteers. Lack of relationship to cardiovascular performance. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1990 Oct;38(10):1127-32. doi: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.1990.tb01376.x. 
  15. Docherty MH, O'Sullivan ED, Bonventre JV, Ferenbach DA. Cellular Senescence in the Kidney. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2019 May;30(5):726-736. doi: 10.1681/ASN.2018121251. 
  16. Fliser D, Zeier M, Nowack R, Ritz E. Renal functional reserve in healthy elderly subjects. J Am Soc Nephrol. 1993 Jan;3(7):1371-7. doi: 10.1681/ASN.V371371. 

Download Article
Received June 21, 2021.
Accepted July 22, 2021.
©2021 International Medical Research and Development Corporation.